Storm Filomena has blanketed Madrid in snow, making travelling practically impossible as people have been told to stay home and airports closed.
A new date will now be found to get the fixture fulfilled.
Atletico Madrid, who already have two games in hand, were looking to go five points clear of city rivals Real Madrid, who are away at Osasuna later in the day.
In a statement, Atletico said: "The match that we were supposed to play today against Athletic Club at the Wanda Metropolitano has been postponed due to the snowstorm affecting much of the peninsula.
"The inclement weather prevented the Basque team from travelling to Madrid due to the temporary closure of the Madrid-Barajas Adolfo Suarez Airport and, in addition, the travel of our team, referees and club staff to the stadium was not guaranteed to be safe due to the poor condition of the roads in the community of Madrid.
"Faced with this situation, LaLiga has requested this morning the postponement of the match to the professional competition committee, given the exceptional circumstances caused by inclement weather, and the latter has ratified the decision not to play the game today as planned. The date of the match will be announced in the next few days."
