Hayes will begin her new role when the current women's Super League season ends in May.
The 47-year-old announced she will be leaving Chelsea after eleven years at the start of this month.
USA parted company with previous manager Vlatko Andonovski after they produced their worst showing at a women's world cup with a last 16 exit at the hands of Sweden in August.
USA went into the tournament as defending champions, having emerged winners in 2015 and 2019.
Hayes has been a trailblazer for the women's game in English football since becoming Chelsea manager in 2012.
In more than a decade at the club, Hayes has led the Chelsea women's team to six Women's Super League titles, two Continental Cups, the Spring Series, a Community Shield victory and a Champions League final.
“This is a huge honor to be given the opportunity to coach the most incredible team in world football history,” said Hayes.
“The feelings and connection I have for this team and for this country run deep. I’ve dreamed about coaching the USA for a long time so to get this opportunity is a dream come true. I know there is work to do to achieve our goals of winning consistently at the highest levels. To get there, it will require dedication, devotion and collaboration from the players, staff and everyone at the U.S. Soccer Federation.”
