Ramos has not played for his country since March 2021 and was left out of the squad for the European championships last summer.
That disappointment followed an injury-plagued campaign in his final season with Real Madrid and it continued into his first season with Paris Saint Germain, making just 12 appearances in Ligue 1.
But Ramos has proved his fitness this term and has already matched his Ligue 1 appearance tally for last season.
A veteran of four World Cups already, it remains to be seen whether Ramos will ever add to his 180 caps for Spain.
Ramos is not the only big absentee in Luis Enrique's squad as Manchester United goalkeeper David De Gea, Liverpool playmaker Thiago Alcantara and Chelsea shot stopper Kepa Arrizabalaga have all been snubbed.
Youngsters Ansu Fati and Nico Williams of Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao respectively have also been included.
Spain are in the same group with Germany, Japan and Costa Rica.
Spain squad
Goalkeepers: Unai Simon (Athletic Bilbao), Robert Sanchez (Brighton), David Raya (Brentford).
Defenders: Cesar Azpilicueta (Chelsea), Dani Carvajal (Real Madrid), Eric Garcia (Barcelona), Hugo Guillamon (Valencia), Pau Torres (Villarreal), Aymeric Laporte (Manchester City), Jordi Alba (Barcelona), Jose Gaya (Valencia).
Midfielders: Sergio Busquets (Barcelona), Rodri Hernandez (Manchester City), Gavi (Barcelona), Carlos Soler (Paris St-Germain), Marcos Llorente (Atletico Madrid), Pedri Gonzalez (Barcelona), Koke Resurreccion (Atletico Madrid).
Forwards: Ferran Torres (Barcelona), Nico Williams (Athletic Bilbao), Yeremi Pino (Villarreal), Alvaro Morata (Atletico Madrid), Marco Asensio (Real Madrid), Pablo Sarabia (Paris St Germain), Dani Olmo (RB Leipzig), Ansu Fati (Barcelona).
