Tevez only announced his retirement from football earlier this month, having not played since leaving Boca Juniors in the summer of 2021.
Rosario Central find themselves in mid-table three games into the Argentina season.
Four-time Argentinian champions Rosario Central revealed on Tuesday that Tevez has signed a one-year deal, announcing on Twitter: "The Apache becomes the new blue-gold coach, after signing a contract with the club for 12 months."
Speaking prior to his announcement, Tevez expressed his excitement at making the move into coaching, saying: "I am really excited about the project I am putting together with my brothers and Chapa Retegui.
“I have decided to coach.
“We have been working together for four or five months and we are putting together a really good, global project. I am really into this.”
Tevez retired with a record of 308 goals in 746 club games, having also turned out for the likes of Brazilian side Corinthians, West Ham United, Manchester United, Manchester City, Juventus and Shanghai Shenhua.
The 38-year-old won two Premier League titles and the UEFA Champions League with Manchester United before making a controversial switch to Manchester City, where he won another top flight title.
A move to Juventus in Italy brought two Serie A titles for Tevez.
Tevez won 76 caps for Argentina, scoring 13 goals and played at the 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups.