Defoe started the 2021/2022 season with Rangers but returned for a second spell at Sunderland, where he made seven appearances.
Defoe also played for the likes of West Ham United , Spurs, Portsmouth, Bournemouth and Toronto FC in Major League Soccer.
He won the Scottish league title with Rangers last season as well as the 2008 League Cup with Tottenham.
Defoe scored 20 goals in 57 caps for England and played at 2010 FIFA World Cup.
In a message posted on Twitter, Defoe said: "After 22 years in the game, I have decided to retire from professional football. It's been a really tough decision, and one I have discussed with my family and those closest to me.
"I made my professional debut at 17 years old in 1999, and I feel now is the right time to bow out. I have had an incredible journey and have met some amazing people in the game.
"Football will always remain in my blood, and it gives me great pride and satisfaction to look back on the blessed career that I've had. I now look forward to spending some quality time with my friends and family before moving forward on this next chapter in my career.
"Thank you to all the fans from each club I've played for. The love I have received and endured throughout my career will never be forgotten, and I will always have a special bond with you all.
"Thank you also to my amazing team-mates, coaches, and staff for playing such an integral part in my career.
"Lastly, I want to say thank you to my mum. You gave me a ball at two years old, and you made me believe my dream could happen. All that I am is because of you, and I owe everything to you and God."
In all, Defoe made 762 club appearances and scored 304 goals.
