The decision comes after Maguire played a limited role in the United set up last season.
Maguire played 31 times across all competitions last season but only eight out of his 16 appearances in the Premier League were starts.
Ten Hag preferred Lisandro Martinez and Raphael Varane as his central defensive partnership last season and occasionally turned to left back Luke Shaw for one of those roles even when Maguire was fit and available.
Maguire was made Manchester United captain by former manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer in January 2020 just six months after he joined the club from Leicester City for £80m.
In a social media post on Sunday, Maguire wrote: "After discussions with the manager today he has informed me he is changing captain. He outlined his reasons to me and whilst I’m personally extremely disappointed, I will continue to give my all every time I wear the shirt.
"So I wanted to say a massive thank you to the Manchester United fans for all their brilliant support whilst I’ve been wearing the armband.
"Since the day I took on the role, three and half years ago, it’s been a huge privilege to lead Manchester United and one of the proudest moments of my career to date. It’s one of the greatest honours in club football. I’ve done everything I possibly could to help United be successful - on and off the field.
"I will always be grateful to Ole Gunnar Solskjaer for first giving me the responsibility and I wish whoever now takes it on every success and they will have my full support."
Bruno Fernandes is in line to replace Maguire as captain at Old Trafford.
