The 18-year-old moves from Danish side Odense after just one season.
Minteh scored four goals and added four assists in 17 appearances for Odense last season.
Newcastle have already struck a deal with Feyenoord that will see Minteh spent the 2023/2024 season at the Eredivisie champions.
Newcastle sporting director Dan Ashworth said: “We are very pleased to be bringing a player with Yankuba’s high potential to Newcastle.
“He has done extremely well in his first full season in Denmark, and he has a promising career ahead of him.
“We look forward to working with him in this exciting phase of his development, and we’re excited to see how he performs at Feyenoord, a club that also has a strong development record of its own.
“As well as supporting the first team with players for the here and now, we have a clear philosophy to invest in emerging talent and we want to provide a player pathway that will help to build and sustain long-term success.”
